Under documentation click on Manuals
amd you will find "An Introduction to R". However,
you should, with any luck, be able to follow the instructions below,
without getting more deeply into R.
Use R Function smooth.Pspline to fit a Smoothing Spline
In our course, we will mainly use it to do experiment about
fitting smooth curves. We will use function smooth.Pspline in R.
You will find some help and examples about how to use this function
below. There are also some useful examples and R programs related
to our course.
smooth.Pspline package:pspline R Documentation
Fit a Polynomial Smoothing Spline of Arbitrary Order
Description:
Returns an object of class `"smooth.Pspline"' which is a natural
polynomial smooth of the input data of order fixed by the user.
Usage:
smooth.Pspline(x, y, w=rep(1, length(x)), norder=2, df=norder + 2,
spar=0, method=1)
sm.spline(x, y, w, cv=FALSE, ...)
Arguments:
x: values of the predictor variable. These must be strictly
increasing, and there must be at least `2*norder + 1' of
them.
`sm.spline' provides a simplified interface, in which the `x'
values can be unsorted, or a list with components `"x"' and
`"y"' or a two-column matrix or a complex vector.
y: one or more sets of response variable values. If there is
one response variable, `y' is an array of the same length as
`x'; if more than one, then `y' is a matrix with `length(x)'
rows and number of columns equal to the number of variables.
w: vector of positive weights for smoothing of the same length
as `x'. If measurements at different values of `x' have
different variances, `w' should be inversely proportional to
the variances. The default is that all weights are one.
norder: the order of the spline. `norder = 2' gives the cubic
smoothing spline, and more generally the smoothing function
is a piecewise polynomial of degree `2*norder - 1'. If
derivatives are to be computed from the smoothing using
`predict.smooth.Pspline', the order should be one or two more
than the highest order of derivative.
df: a number which specifies the degrees of freedom = trace(S).
Here S is the implicit smoothing matrix. `df' controls the
amount of smoothing if `method = 2'.
spar: the usual smoothing parameter for smoothing splines, which is
the coefficient of the integrated squared derivative of order
`norder'. `spar' controls the amount of smoothing if `method
= 1'.
cv: logical: should ordinary cross-validation be used (true) or
generalized cross-validation.
method: the method for controlling the amount of smoothing. `method
= 1' uses the value supplied for `spar'. `method = 2'
adjusts `spar' so that the degrees of freedom is equal to
`df'. `method = 3' adjusts `spar' so that the generalized
cross-validation criterion is minimized. `method = 4'
adjusts `spar' so that the ordinary cross-validation
criterion is minimized. If `method = 3' or `method = 4',
`spar' defines the initial value for the minimization
algorithm if positive; otherwise an internally generated
value is used.
`sm.spline' chooses this automatically based on the supplied
values and that of `cv'.
...: additional arguments to be passed to `smooth.Pspline'.
Details:
The method produces results similar to function `smooth.spline',
but the smoothing function is a natural smoothing spline rather
than a B-spline smooth, and as a consequence will differ slightly
for `norder = 2' over the initial and final intervals.
The main extension is the possibility of setting the order of
derivative to be penalized, so that derivatives of any order can
be computed using the companion function `predict.smooth.Pspline'.
The algorithm is of order N, meaning that the number of floating
point operations is proportional to the number of values being
smoothed. Note that the argument values must be strictly
increasing, a condition that is not required by `smooth.spline'.
Note that the appropriate or minimized value of the smoothing
parameter `spar' will depend heavily on the order; the larger the
order, the smaller this parameter will tend to be.
Value:
an object of class `"smooth.Pspline"' is returned, consisting of
the fitted smoothing spline evaluated at the supplied data, some
fitting criteria and constants. This object contains the
information necessary to evaluate the smoothing spline or one of
its derivatives at arbitrary argument values using
`predict.smooth.Pspline'. The components of the returned list are
References:
Heckman, N. and Ramsay, J. O. (1996) Spline smoothing with model
based penalties. McGill University, unpublished manuscript.
See Also:
`predict.smooth.Pspline', `smooth.spline'
Examples:
data(cars)
attach(cars)
plot(speed, dist, main = "data(cars) & smoothing splines")
cars.spl <- sm.spline(speed, dist)
cars.spl
lines(cars.spl, col = "blue")
lines(sm.spline(speed, dist, df=10), lty=2, col = "red")
An example
Here is a complete example on how to generate random data, fitting
the curve and plotting the result.
(note the sentences after the pound key (#) are R comments, you don't have
to type those.)
set.seed(100) #set initial seed for random number generator
n <- 100
x <- (1:n)/n #we will use 100 equally spaced design point from 0 to 1
true <- ((exp(1.2*x)+1.5*sin(7*x))-1)/3 #true function in this simulation
noise <- rnorm(n, 0, 0.15)
#generate n independent normal random number with 0 mean and variance 0.15
y <- true + noise #y is observed values (true value + noise)
#or you can read data from a file:
#dat <- read.table("hw1.dat", header=T)
#attach(dat)
library(pspline) #load the package containing the smooth.Pspline function
fit <- smooth.Pspline(x, y, method=3)
#fit smoothing spline on noisy data using GCV score (method=3). use method=1
#with a user specified smoothing parameter (spar) if you want to try different
#degree of smoothing.
postscript("result.ps", height=4, width=5, horizo=F)
#initialize graphic output
#(PS file for print, you can use Ghostview or gv command to view it)
#alternatively, you can use motif() to view it on screen
plot(x, y, xlab="x", ylab="y", cex=0.5) #plot data point
lines(x, true, lty=2) #plot true function
lines(fit$x, fit$y) #plot smooth spline fit
graphics.off()
#output to PS file
#if you use motif(), you can shut down motif window by using dev.off()